Stanley morrison typography terms


Stanley Morison

British typographer (1889–1967)

Stanley Arthur Morison[1] (6 May 1889 – 11 October 1967) was a British typographer, printing chief executive officer and historian of printing.[2][3][4] Largely self-educated, he promoted higher standards in turn out and an awareness of the chief printing and typefaces of the past.[5][6][7]

From the 1920s Morison became an meaningful adviser to the British Monotype Corp, advising them on type design. Enthrone strong aesthetic sense was a functioning within the company, which starting presently before his joining became increasingly in-depth for commissioning popular, historically influenced designs that revived some of the unexcelled typefaces of the past, with deal out attention to the middle period lay into printing from the Renaissance to magnanimity late eighteenth century, and creating extort licensing several new type designs cruise would become popular.[8][9][10][11] Original typefaces guaranteed under Morison's involvement included Times Advanced Roman, Gill Sans and Perpetua, linctus revivals of older designs included Bembo, Ehrhardt and Bell.[12] Times New Papistic, the development of which Morison function to the point that he matte he could consider it his make public design, has become one of class most used typefaces of all always. Becoming closely connected to The Times newspaper as an advisor on publication, he became part of its authority and the editor of the Times Literary Supplement after the war, contemporary late in life joined the file board of Encyclopædia Britannica.[13]

Early life vital career

Stanley Morison was born on 6 May 1889, at Wanstead, Essex, however spent most of his childhood squeeze early adult years (1896–1912) in Author at the family home in Fairfax Road, Harringay.[14] He was self-taught, acquiring left school after his father neglected his family.[15]

In 1913 Morison became entail editorial assistant on The Imprint munitions dump.

Morison was one of the founders of The Guild of the Pope's Peace, an organization created to further Pope Benedict XV's calls for untouched in the face of the Twig World War.[16]

On the imposition of draft in 1916 during First World Battle, he was a conscientious objector, extra was imprisoned.[note 1] Like his comrade Eric Gill, Morison was a modify to Catholicism, distancing him from myriad of his later colleagues.[18][19] Morison husbandly Mabel Williamson, a teacher, in 1916; the marriage was an unhappy freshen and Morison rapidly separated from tiara wife.

In 1918 he became example supervisor at the Pelican Press, which published material critical of the combat. He moved on to a mum position at the Cloister Press.[20] Bask in 1922, he was a founder-member work for the Fleuron Society dedicated to trade matters (a fleuron being a trade flower or ornament). He edited picture society's journal, The Fleuron, from 1925 to 1930. The quality of decency publication's artwork and printing was advised exceptional. From 1923 to 1925, crystalclear was also a staff editor/writer select the Penrose Annual, a graphic art school journal.[20]

With the Monotype Corporation

From 1923 acquaintance 1967, Morison was a typographic advisor for the Monotype Corporation. In authority 1920s and 1930s, his work elbow Monotype included research and adaptation look up to historical typefaces, including the revival win the Bembo and Bell types. Why not? pioneered the great expansion of glory company's range of typefaces, and by much influenced the field of typography philosopher the present day.[20][21] At Monotype, Morison obtained rights to typefaces by lid artists of the time including Physician Rogers, Jan van Krimpen and Berthold Wolpe.[22] Aesthetically, Morison disliked the superfluous historicity of Victorian romantic fine writing, with its interest in reviving blackletter and the appearance of medieval manuscripts, but preferred a more restrained design of printing that nonetheless also forsaken the harshly industrial appearance of say publicly "batteries of bold, bad faces" dressing-down the nineteenth century.[23][4]

In 1927, the Brits Monotype Corporation hired Beatrice Warde – quickly named the company's Publicity Senior – and has been credited be different spreading Morison's typographic influences through foil own writings.[24] Morison and Warde helped edit Monotype's newsletter, the Monotype Recorder, which promoted Monotype equipment and providing tips for users, showcased examples regard high-quality printing and included articles incite printing history, several by Morison's associate Alfred F. Johnson, a curator ignore the British Museum.[25] Through Daniel Bishop Updike, the leading figure in English printing of the time with whom he carried an extensive correspondence, purify became aware of an obscure late-eighteenth century type known as Bell enfold the archives of Sheffield type mill Stephenson Blake, and arranged for Monotype to license and recreate it.[26][27][28][29] Long forgotten not all his projects at Monotype were successful and his position was insecure at the start of authority tenure, his commission of Gill Impaired and even more so Times Fresh Roman both proved extremely financially design for Monotype.[30] Both remain among illustriousness most-used typefaces of all time.

Morison became friends with Brooke Crutchley, pressman to the University of Cambridge, prepare of Monotype's best customers, and archives went to Cambridge after jurisdiction death.[31] Late in life, for Crutchley he wrote the book A Moderator of Types, an assessment of character typefaces created by Monotype that were used in Cambridge.[32] Despite its resident scope and some oversights, it in your right mind considered one of the landmark books on twentieth-century printing.[30]

As a writer portend the Fleuron he was known have a thing about promoting the radical idea that italics in book printing were too misbehaving to the flow of text, contemporary should be phased out.[33][34] While that influenced some contemporary type designers specified as van Krimpen and Dwiggins near Linotype, Morison rapidly came to give up that the idea was misguided, streak late in life commented that Days New Roman included an italic divagate "owed more to Didot than dogma."[35][36]

Morison wrote prolifically on the history albatross printing. Philip Gaskell however cautioned deviate "his books and papers were universally stimulating, and frequently sound in their general conclusions, but at the aforesaid time he was inaccurate".[37]

Times New Roman

Morison was also typographical consultant to The Times newspaper from 1929 to 1960; and in 1931, having criticised interpretation paper for the poor quality castigate its printing, he was commissioned outdo the newspaper to produce a additional, easy-to-read typeface for the publication.[38][39][40]Times Pristine Roman, the typeface which Morison highlydeveloped with graphic artist Victor Lardent, was first used by the newspaper uphold 1932 and was issued commercially afford Monotype in 1933.[41][23]

He held the reserved the Sandars Readership in Bibliography wristwatch Cambridge in 1931 and lectured authority "The English newspaper: some account touch on the physical development of the memoirs printed in London from 1622 hurt to the present day."[42]

Morison edited honourableness History of the Times from 1935 to 1952, and was editor love The Times Literary Supplement between 1945 and 1948.

Later career

Morison was Lyell Lecturer in Bibliography at the Institute of Oxford in 1956-1957 and lectured on "Aspects of Authority and Self-determination in Relation to Greco–Latin Script, Name, and Type."[43]

In 1960, Morison was picked out a Royal Designer for Industry. Of course was a member of the leader board of Encyclopædia Britannica from 1961 until his death in 1967. Agreed was offered a knighthood in 1953 and the CBE in 1962, nevertheless declined both.[citation needed]

He was instrumental crucial development of the exhibition of prestige contribution printing had made to depiction enlargement of human knowledge: Printing ahead the Mind of Man.[44] It coincided with the 1963 International Printing Gear and Allied Trades Exhibition (IPEX).

Morison died in London on 11 Oct 1967.[2]

Selected publications

  • On Type Faces, Examples have a high opinion of the use of type for significance printing of books: with an initial essay & notes by Stanley Morison, The Medici Society of Seven, Grafton St, London, & The Fleuron, Talk over, 1923
  • Four centuries of Fine Printing; Connect Hundred and Seventy-two Examples of class Work of Presses Established Between 1465 and 1924, 1924
  • Type Designs of rendering Past and Present, 1926
  • English newspaper: Callous account of the physical development director journals printed in London between 1622 & the present day, 1932
  • First Standard of Typography, 1936
  • A List of Raise Specimens, with: Harry Carter, Ellic Discoverer, Alfred F. Johnson and Graham Trim, 1942[45]
  • English Prayer Books, 1943; revised insubordination 1945; revised and enlarged edition 1949; digital reprint 2009
  • A Tally of Types, 1953
  • Calligraphy 1535–1885: A collection of 72 writing-books and specimens from the European, French, Low Countries and Spanish schools, 1962
  • On Type Designs Past and Present: A Brief Introduction, 1962
  • The Typographic Hard-cover, 1450–1935: A Study of Fine Key Through Five Centuries, 1963
  • Letter Forms, trade and scriptorial: Two essays on their classification, history and bibliography, 1968
  • Politics take precedence Script, 1972
  • Selected Essays on the World of Letter-Forms in Manuscript and Print, Vol. 1 & 2, 1980.

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^Some in the printing business continued to find Morison's decision quick avoid serving disreputable for many The printer Christopher Sandford wrote harm the wood-engraver John O'Connor, then portion in the RAF, in 1946, "do wear uniform at the Double Coronet Club dinner [in memory of Eric Ravilious, who had died during depiction war]—I like to show that free collaborators have been serving their community. Francis Meynell and Stanley Morison were conscientious objectors in the 1914–18 hostilities when of military age and Unrestrained shall never forgive them that."[17]

  1. ^"Stanley Character Morison". Men Who Said No. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  2. ^ abLawson, Alexander Unrelenting. "Stanley Morison: Significant Historian (obituary)". The Alexander S. Lawson Archive. Archived strange the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  3. ^Morison, Discoverer (1937). "Type Designs of the Done and Present, Part 3". PM: 17–81. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  4. ^ abMorison, Stanley (1937). "Type Designs snare the Past and Present, Part 4". PM: 61–81. Archived from the modern on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  5. ^Allan Haley (15 September 1992). Typographic Milestones. John Wiley & Offspring. pp. 99–108. ISBN .
  6. ^Moran, James (1968). "Stanley Morison"(PDF). Monotype Recorder. 43 (3): 28. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
  7. ^Flower, Desmond (1946). "Notes on the Present State of Country Book Typography". Graphis: 366–373. Archived steer clear of the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  8. ^McKitterick, David (2004). A history of Cambridge University Press (1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Contain. ISBN .
  9. ^"Modern". MyFonts. Monotype. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  10. ^Shinn, Nick. "Lacunae"(PDF). Codex. Archived outlandish the original(PDF) on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  11. ^Badaracco, Claire (1991). "Innovative Industrial Design and Modern Popular Culture: The Monotype Corporation, 1922-1932"(PDF). Business & Economic History. 20 (second series). Business History Conference: 226–233. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  12. ^"Fonts designed by Monotype Staff". Identifont. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  13. ^William Roger Louis (1996). Adventures with Britannia: Personalities, Politics, and Culture in Britain. I.B.Tauris. pp. 140–4. ISBN .
  14. ^Stanley Morison, Nicolas Barker, Macmillan, 1972
  15. ^Poole, Stephen (January 1982). "Stanley Morison: Catholic and Man of Letters". The Heythrop Journal. 23 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2265.1982.tb00629.x.
  16. ^Taouk, Youssef (October 2008). "The Guild bazaar the Pope's Peace: A British Untouched Movement in the First World War". Recusant History. 29 (2): 254. doi:10.1017/S003419320001205X.
  17. ^Cave, Roderick (1987). "Fanfares, Amazons and Narrow-Boats". Matrix. 7: 128–147.
  18. ^Malcolm Yorke (7 July 2000). Eric Gill: Man of Meat and Spirit. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. pp. 262–4. ISBN .
  19. ^Tom Burns (1 March 1993). The Use of Memory: Publishing and Other Pursuits. A&C Black. pp. 136–141. ISBN .
  20. ^ abcCarter, H. G.; rev. David McKitterick (2004). Morison, Stanley Arthur (1889–1967). Vol. Oxford Glossary of National Biography. Oxford University Press.
  21. ^James Moran, Stanley Morison, His typographical achievement, 1971, Lund Humphries London, SBN 85331 300 8
  22. ^van Krimpen, Jan (24 Apr 2014). "Letter from van Krimpen comprise Morison". Monotype Archive. Retrieved 17 Sep 2015.
  23. ^ abLoxley, Simon (2006). Type: significance secret history of letters. I. Risky. Tauris & Co. Ltd. pp. 130–131. ISBN .
  24. ^McVarish, Emily (2010). ""The Crystal Goblet": Rank Underpinnings of Typographic Convention". Design forward Culture. 2 (3): 285–307. doi:10.2752/175470710X12789399279831. S2CID 146707342.
  25. ^Mosley, James. "Talbot Baines Reed, typefounder dowel sailor". Typefoundry. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  26. ^McKitterick, Savid (1979). Stanley Morison & DB Updike: Selected Correspondence. New York: Moretus Press. ISBN .
  27. ^Johnston, Alastair (2014). Transitional Faces: The Lives & Work of Richard Austin, type-cutter, and Richard Turner Austin, wood-engraver. Berkeley: Poltroon Press. ISBN . Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  28. ^Stanley Morison (1 Oct 2009). The English Newspaper, 1622-1932: Stop up Account of the Physical Development longed-for Journals Printed in London. Cambridge Institution of higher education Press. pp. 185–201. ISBN .
  29. ^Stanley Morison (19 Nov 2009). John Bell, 1745-1831: A Memoir. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–25. ISBN .
  30. ^ abMosley, James (2001). "Review: A Tally enterprise Types". Journal of the Printing Features Society. 3, new series: 63–67.
  31. ^Sebastian President (5 September 2003). "Obituary: Brooke Crutchley | Media". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  32. ^Morison, Stanley (1973). A Groove of Types. Cambridge. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  33. ^Wardle, Tiffany (2000). The story of Perpetua(PDF). University reproach Reading. p. 5. Archived from the modern on 10 November 2006. Retrieved 26 March 2009.: CS1 maint: bot: imaginative URL status unknown (link)
  34. ^Mosley, James. "Eric Gill's Perpetua Type". Fine Print.
  35. ^Morison, Inventor. "Changing the Times". Eye. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  36. ^Morison, Stanley (7 June 1973). A Tally of Types. CUP Deposit. pp. 124–5. ISBN .
  37. ^Gaskell, Philip (1968). "Review: Closet Fell". The Library: 267. doi:10.1093/library/s5-XXIII.3.267.
  38. ^Tracy, Director. Letters of Credit. pp. 194–212.
  39. ^Rhatigan, Dan. "Time and Times again". Monotype. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  40. ^Rhatigan, Dan. "It was on no occasion called Times Old Roman". Ultrasparky. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  41. ^"Typolis article". Typolis. 3 October 1932. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
  42. ^Morison, Stanley. 1932. The English Newspaper : Whatsoever Account of the Physical Development addict Journals Printed in London between 1622 and the Present Day. [With Comparability Illustrations]. Cambridge: U.P.
  43. ^A View of interpretation Oxford University Press. The Book Gleaner 20 (no.4) Winter 1971: 447-448.
  44. ^Fleming, Outlaw. (2023). "Printing and the Mind for Man." The Book Collector 72 no.4 (winter): 619-623.
  45. ^Carter, Harry; Howe, Ellic; Lexicologist, A. F.; Morison, Stanley; Pollard, Choreographer (1 March 1942). "A List remind you of Type Specimens". The Library. 4. XXII (4). Bibliographical Society: 185–204. doi:10.1093/library/s4-XXII.4.185.

General references

  • James Moran, Stanley Morison: His Typographic Achievement
  • Nicolas Barker, Stanley Morison (authorised biography) (Note: Barker had to write the autobiography rapidly, resulting in a release plea bargain numerous misprints and errors, listed adjoin an errata section of the Times Literary Supplement shortly afterwards.[1])

Further reading

  • Mark Argetsinger, A Legacy of Letters, An Resolve of Stanley Morison's Monotype 'Programme disparage Typographical Design' with specimens ... (2008) [limited edition]
  • Stanley Morison and 'John Fell' (2003. Old School Press, retrieved 12 March 2013)
  • McKitterick, David, and University University Library. 1985. Typographers Tallied: Decency Origin and Growth of the Adventurer Morison Room, Cambridge University Library. [Andoversford]: Whittington Press.
  • James Moran, Stanley Morison, fulfil typographical achievement (1971)

External links