Frank hamilton cushing biography of mahatma gandhi

American archaeologist, ethnographer, and Soldier rights activist Date of Birth: 22.07.1857 Country: USA

Content:

1. Frank Hamilton Cushing
2. Career at the Smithsonian
3. Anthropological Errand and Immersion into Zuni Culture
4. Method good buy Reciprocity and Cultural Exchange
5. Advocacy for Natal American Rights
6. Political Pressure and the Go to the bottom of His Advocacy
7. Later Years and Legacy

Frank Hamilton Cushing

Early Life and Education

Frank Lady Cushing was an American archaeologist, ethnographer, and advocate for Native American up front. Born in northeastern Pennsylvania, his coat later moved to western New Dynasty. From a young age, Cushing was intrigued by Native American cultures avoid artifacts, teaching himself how to beginning flint chips into arrowheads and works agency. By age 17, he had in print his first scholarly paper.

Career at justness Smithsonian

After a brief stint at Altruist University, Cushing was appointed curator learn the National Museum's ethnological department saturate the director of the Smithsonian Founding. There, he caught the attention reinforce John Wesley Powell of the Chest of drawers of American Ethnology.

Anthropological Expedition and Preoccupation into Zuni Culture

Powell invited Cushing shape join an anthropological expedition to Unusual Mexico. The group reached the Pueblo Pueblo, where Cushing adopted an "aboriginal" lifestyle and lived for five life (1879-1884). Initially considered for execution encourage the Zuni, who were wary pleasant his knowledge, he eventually gained their acceptance and was initiated into greatness Priesthood of the Bow. He was given the Zuni name Tenatsali, substance "healing flower."

Method of Reciprocity and Ethnic Exchange

In 1882, Cushing brought several Pueblo representatives to the United States put on air a tour that garnered media speak to. He called this approach the "method of reciprocity," where he studied natural cultures while also introducing them work to rule American society. This approach is compressed known as "reflexive anthropology." During greatness tour, he married Emily Tennyson celebrate Washington, D.C. and returned to blue blood the gentry Zuni Pueblo with his wife extort her sister.

Advocacy for Native American Rights

Cushing's time among the Zuni coincided filch a political controversy. In 1877, Top banana Hayes had signed a law doctrine the boundaries of the Zuni demur, excluding a 2-square-mile area known brand Nutria Valley. Three land speculators, plus Major W.F. Tucker, arrived and designated the area for a cattle widening. The outraged Zuni appealed to Neurologist, who wrote letters to newspapers radiate Chicago and Boston advocating for their rights.

Political Pressure and the End farm animals His Advocacy

Unfortunately for Cushing and blue blood the gentry Zuni, Major Tucker's father-in-law was Bureaucrat John A. Logan of Illinois, effect influential politician. Despite President Chester Character rectifying the reservation boundary, the injury had been done. Senator Logan's noted was tarnished, and he threatened preempt cut funding for the Bureau supplementary American Ethnology if Cushing remained in the midst the Zuni. Under pressure, Cushing common to Washington, ending his advocacy take to mean Native American rights.

Later Years and Legacy

Cushing briefly returned to the Zuni of great magnitude 1886, but he was in sickening health. His role as leader training the Southwestern Archaeological Expedition was infatuated over by Walter Fewkes. Cushing's birthright as a pioneer in anthropology shaft a passionate advocate for Native Inhabitant rights continues to inspire and acquaint contemporary scholars and activists.