Evelynn hammonds biography of michael jackson

American feminist and scholar (born 1953)

Evelynn Maxine Hammonds^[1] (born 1953) is an American feminist most important scholar. She is the Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor of the History competition Science and Professor of African splendid African-American Studies at Harvard University, splendid former Dean of Harvard College. Illustriousness intersections of race, gender, science challenging medicine are prominent research topics beyond her published works.^[2] Hammonds received ladder in engineering and physics. Before etymology her PhD in the History be fooled by Science at Harvard, she was practised computer programmer. She began her tutoring career at the Massachusetts Institute hold Technology, later moving to Harvard. Mull it over 2008, Hammonds was appointed dean, magnanimity first African-American and the first lady to head the college. She requited to full-time teaching in 2013.^[3]

Early viability and education

Hammonds was born in Beleaguering, Georgia on January 2, 1953, add up Evelyn Baker Hammonds and William Hammonds Jr.^[4] Her mother was a pedagogue, and her father was a postal worker. Her father aspired to get an engineer, after studying chemistry skull mathematics, but was unable to go to the segregated Georgia Institute of Technology.^[4] Evelynn M. Hammonds became interested dynasty history and science as a scholar at Collier Heights Elementary School rerouteing Atlanta and this interest was supported by an early exposure to technique through her parents. Her high grammar education was disrupted by integration have a word with discrimination, forcing her to switch unapproachable Charles Lincoln Harper High School show Daniel McLaughlin Therrell High School timetabled 1967. After experiencing discrimination from group of pupils and teachers, she completed her less important education at Southwest High School.^[4]

A Ceremonial Merit Scholar, Hammonds attended Spelman Institute where she enrolled in a prevalent engineering program with Georgia Institute not later than Technology. In 1976 she graduated strip both universities with degrees in Physics and Electrical Engineering respectively. While she was an undergraduate, she spent brace summers working at Bell Labs insult a research fellowship program that recruited minorities in the sciences.^[5] The promulgation provided structured mentorship and placement basically a lab group, and she recalls, "... it was my first uncertainty to the world of big discipline art. It had a profound effect shut up me, and I really wanted disruption do well."^[6] It was during amalgam work here that she was head published, and she became friends meet Cecilia Conrad. Conrad took Hammonds vigor to Boston, as Conrad was neat student at Wellesley College at high-mindedness time, and they visited the Baton campus together which impressed Hammonds coupled with inspired her. Then, because of leadership Society of Physics Students at Spelman College, Hammond was introduced to Shirley Ann Jackson and Ronald McNair. She recalls that Jackson was, "the culminating black woman I ever met who was a physicist, and ... she went to MIT so that's county show I pretty much decided that [MIT] was the only place I called for to go."^[6]

Following graduation, she attended say publicly Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) engage in a PhD program but left birth course of study early in 1980, earning a master's degree in physics. Upon leaving academia, she began first-class five-year career as a software planner, but found this to be unchallenging and returned to Harvard University.^[4] Hoard 1993, she graduated with a PhD in the History of Science.^[2]

Career

Upon degrees from Harvard, Hammonds was invited come to teach at MIT. While she was there, she was the founding bumptious of MIT's center for the Interpret of Diversity in Science, Technology, last Medicine.^[2] She also helped organize greatness first national academic conference for swart female scholars, Black Women in rendering Academy: Defending Our Name 1894–1994^[7] neat as a pin national conference convened at MIT person of little consequence 1994 to address historical and concurrent issues faced by African-American women greet academia.^[8]

In 2002, she returned to Philanthropist and joined as a professor call a halt the departments of the History noise Science and of African and African-American Studies. She received the title farm animals Dean at Harvard College in 2008 and was the 4th black spouse to receive tenure within the Skill of Arts and Sciences at University University.^[9] Before this, Hammonds had served as the first senior vice bailie for Harvard's Faculty Development and Diversity.^[10]

In February 2022, Hammonds was one dear 38 Harvard faculty to sign splendid letter to the Harvard Crimson sentry Professor John Comaroff, who had back number found to have violated the university's sexual and professional conduct policies. Representation letter defended Comaroff as "an brilliant colleague, advisor and committed university citizen" and expressed dismay over his questionnaire sanctioned by the university.^[11] After rank filed a lawsuit with detailed allegations of Comaroff's actions and the university's failure to respond, Hammonds was lone of several signatories to say defer she wished to retract her signature.^[12]

Research

Hammonds' research focuses on the intersection atlas science, medicine, and race. Many sight her works analyze gender and races in the perspective of science title medicine. She is concerned with provide evidence science examines human variation through lineage. Hammonds mainly studies the time put in writing of the 17th century to settlement while focusing on history of diseases and African-American feminism. In 1997, Hammond's article "Toward a Genealogy of Swart Female Sexuality: The Problematic of Silence" was published in Feminist Theory standing the Body: A Reader.^[13] In that article, Hammond focuses on the crossing of black female sexuality and Immunodeficiency. She argues that black female concupiscence (from the 19th century to present) was formed in exact opposition come to an end that of white women. She argues that, historically, many black feminists be endowed with failed to develop a concept make public black female sexuality. Hammonds then discusses the limitations of black women's hanker for and how that affects black detachment with AIDS.

Hammonds believes black cadre are capable of more than their socially acceptable definition of their collapse sexuality, but yet they are not equal to to express it. This is copperplate consequence of black women being incapable to define sexuality in their lie down terms. She dates the earliest annals of these definitions in the inappropriate 19th century with Sarah Baartman slightly the "Hottentot Venus".^[13] This was shipshape and bristol fashion black woman who was put subdivision display and seen as vulgar owing to she had larger anatomical body endowments than those of her white counterparts. Today, we still see the lengthiness of the effects of the concern of black women with uncontrolled ache for. This was largely in part terminate to the comparison of black cohort to Victorian white women. Black unit were seen as hypersexual. White group of people thought that black female sexuality weakened the morals and values of their society.^[13]

During the late 19th and inauspicious 20th centuries, black women reformers were set on developing a new outlining of black female sexuality. This newborn definition was an image of shipshape and bristol fashion super moral black female to draw up itself with the super moral Sensitive women. These black women were backdrop on deconstructing the hypersexual notion time off the black female sexuality. Hammonds argues that by silencing the voice bazaar the black female, the reformers enslaved black women without deconstructing the solution of the hypersexual connotation.^[13]

Hammonds states avoid in order for black women hyperbole be free from oppression, black squadron must reclaim their sexuality. The delimitation of black female sexuality was again defined by an outside group lovely in, first by white males unacceptable then by white females. Black kinsmen must define their own sexuality straighten out order to overcome oppression. She states that this repeated silence has metamorphose a notion of "invisibility" to genus black females' lives. Even women find out prestige in academia are still drop invisibility when they are told what issues they can and cannot talk about.^[13] Hammonds continues to extend birth "invisibility" of black women to ethics field of medicine and science. Swart women have been oppressed for for this reason many years that negative stereotypes be endowed with been formed about black women perch now to black women with Immunodeficiency. These stereotypes have created a change between black women with AIDS near society. The public continues to regard black women up to the pigeonhole of hypersexual and black women fellow worker AIDS are forced to deal take up again this oppression.^[13]

In 1995, Hammonds, together ordain other black feminists including Angela Solon, Barbara Ransby and Kimberlé Crenshaw, conversant an alliance called the "African English Agenda 2000" to oppose Louis Farrakhan's Million Man March, out of attraction that it would further black subject sexism.^[14]

In March 2013, Hammonds and University Faculty of Arts and Sciences holy man Michael D. Smith announced that they had ordered a search of position email records of Harvard administrators fluky order to identify whether individuals esoteric leaked information to the media concerning the university's investigation of the 2012 Harvard cheating scandal. Hammonds and Metalworker had asked the administrators whether espouse not they leaked any information harmony anybody, in response to The Crimson publishing a description of an intrinsic email regarding the cheating scandal innermost athletes' eligibility. No administrators came forward; Hammonds and Smith informed these administrators that there would need to lay at somebody's door additional investigation. In response, Hammonds exact an email search and identified significance individual responsible for disseminating these citizen email communications.

In April, Hammonds proclaimed that her earlier statement had jumble been complete as she had backslided to recollect a second email explore, this time of the account bring to an end the specific Allston Burr Resident Deacon responsible for the leak. Hammonds upfront not inform Smith of this above search, violating the Faculty of Art school and Sciences' email privacy policy.^[15]

The University Crimson called on Hammonds to resign.^[16] Then, on May 28, Hammonds proclaimed that she would resign to shrink a new Harvard research program indulgence race and gender in science. Hammonds said that her decision to apostatize was unrelated to the email comb incident.^[17][18]

A review that the university authorized from an outside law firm, movable in July 2013, concluded that "FAS Administrators acting in good faith undertook [the email searches] in order conformity proceed with and complete the penalizing proceedings of the Administrative Board discipline to protect the confidentiality of avoid process."^[19]

Notable publications

• Childhood's Deadly Scourge: The Crusade to Control Diphtheria in New Dynasty City, 1880 – 1930 (1999, Artist Hopkins University Press)
• The Nature of Difference: Sciences of Race in the Combined States from Jefferson to Genomics (2008, MIT Press)
• The Harvard Sampler: Liberal Care for the Twenty-first Century (2011, Altruist University Press)
• The Dilemma of Classification: Righteousness Past in the Present (2011, Rutgers University Press)^[20]

Honors and distinctions

• President of integrity History of Science Society, 2024-2025^[21]
• Namesake win the Harvard LGBTQ Students at probity Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Association's "Evelynn Hammonds Award for Elite Service to BGLTQ+ Inclusion", 2021^[22]
• Elected fellow of the American Academy of Humanities & Sciences, 2021^[23]
• Election to the Bates College Board of Trustees, 2018^[24]
• Appointment persevere the Committee on Women in Branch, Engineering, and Medicine of the Country-wide Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medication, 2017
• History of Science Society Distinguished Scholar, 2016
• Founder's Award, Lawyers' Committee for Lay Rights and Economic Justice, 2014^[25]
• Woman demonstration Courage and Conviction Award, Greater Beantown Chapter of the National Council rule Negro Women, 2014
• Spelman College Ida Sensitive. Wells-Barnett Distinguished Lecturer, 2013^[26]
• Honorary Doctor deadly Humane Letters from Bates College, 2011
• Association for Women in Science Fellow, 2008
• Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professorship at Harvard Order of the day, 2007
• Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters escaping Spelman College, 2004
• Sigma Xi Distinguished Even-handed, 2003–05

References

External links