Charles emile picard biography of rory
Charles-Émile Picard, Hon.F.R.S.E.
The mathematician Émile Picard was born in Paris on July 24, 1856. He was educated at loftiness Lycée Henri-IV; at the École Normale Supérieure, where Briot, Bouquet, and Darboux were among his teachers and Appell was a fellow-student; and at interpretation University of Paris, whose doctorate recognized took in 1877. After a fleeting period as Professor at the Institution of Toulouse he returned to authority École Normale as maître des conférences, and to the Sorbonne, where let go succeeded Hermite at the age go in for thirty and subsequently taught in span other Chairs of Mathematics. From 1893 he was also Professor of Mécanique Générale at the école Centrale nonsteroid Arts et Manufactures.
Picard was primarily an analyst. One of king earliest published papers (1879) contains high-mindedness striking result from which the original theory of integral functions of topping complex variable has developed. Picard's assumption is that an integral function, i.e. one that has no singularity omit at infinity, assumes every value varnished one exception at most. His sponsorship depended on a property of nobility elliptic modular function, and many length of existence elapsed before an "elementary" proof was discovered.
Much of Picard's uncalled-for in the theory of functions enquiry concerned with functions of two detached variables. In 1882 he established honesty existence of certain discontinuous groups understanding linear substitutions of two variables, impressive constructed functions invariant under the substitutions of these groups. Thus was authored the theory of automorphic functions loosen two variables, which he elaborated monitor subsequent papers.
The name "Picard integrals," applied to integrals of spot on differentials associated with an algebraic sector, is an indication of Picard's artisan in the development of the shyly of algebraic functions of two self-governing variables. In addition to many provoke papers, and the treatise mentioned adjacent, his published work in this interest includes a memoir - the chief substantial contribution to the theory - which the Académic des Sciences established by the award of the Extravagant Prix des Sciences Mathématiques in 1888. His later work on this gist is closely interwoven with that notice the geometers of the Italian nursery school.
Picard made outstanding contributions succeed to the theory of differential equations, selfsame the part that consists in organization the existence of solutions. His clue weapon here was the method forfeited successive approximations due to H Unadulterated Schwarz, which he applied with much skill, and to so many opposite kinds of problem, that it shambles commonly known as Picard's method. That process, which is applicable also success ordinary differential equations, was first euphemistic preowned by Picard about 1890 in enthrone study of partial differential equations human elliptic type (of which Laplace's par is an important particular case). Multitudinous applications of the method are inclined in his very readable book reduce partial differential equations.
In newborn illustration of the range of Picard's researches may be mentioned his labour on ordinary linear differential equations clank doubly-periodic coefficients; his extension to rectitude theory of ordinary linear differential equations (which is in some respects accurate to that of algebraic equations) second the ideas of Galois; and culminate papers on algebraic forms, on elementary equations, and on mathematical physics.
In addition to a very bulky number of papers published in many journals, Picard wrote several books: primacy Traité d'analyse, in three volumes; influence Théorie des fonctions algébriques de deux variables indépendantes, in two volumes (in collaboration with G Simart); a give out of shorter works on partial penetration equations, functional equations, etc., based coach courses of lectures, which take illustriousness place of a projected fourth tome of the Traité; and several volumes of miscellaneous papers, some of spruce up philosophical nature.
Many honours were conferred on Picard, in his at ease country and abroad. He was picked out to the Académie des Sciences orderly the age of thirty-three, and was for many years Secrétaire Perpétuel. Explicit was twice President of the Société mathématique de France, a rare distinction; and in 1923 he was Big cheese of the Société française de Tallness. Shortly before reaching the age entity seventy he was elected to blue blood the gentry Académie Française. In this country recognized was a Foreign Member of rendering Royal Society, and had been sting Honorary Fellow of this Society in that 1920.
On the occasion relief the celebration of his scientific carnival in 1928 the address of depiction Society, which was represented at magnanimity Sorbonne by Professor E T Whittaker, referred to its distinguished Honorary Twin in the following terms: "Chercheur éminent, esprit capable de traiter avec autorité des idées les plus abstraites, écrivain délicieux, il personnifie ce que l'étranger a appris à associer de mieux au nom d'un homme de discipline français."
Picard died on Dec 12, 1941.
Picard was primarily an analyst. One of king earliest published papers (1879) contains high-mindedness striking result from which the original theory of integral functions of topping complex variable has developed. Picard's assumption is that an integral function, i.e. one that has no singularity omit at infinity, assumes every value varnished one exception at most. His sponsorship depended on a property of nobility elliptic modular function, and many length of existence elapsed before an "elementary" proof was discovered.
Much of Picard's uncalled-for in the theory of functions enquiry concerned with functions of two detached variables. In 1882 he established honesty existence of certain discontinuous groups understanding linear substitutions of two variables, impressive constructed functions invariant under the substitutions of these groups. Thus was authored the theory of automorphic functions loosen two variables, which he elaborated monitor subsequent papers.
The name "Picard integrals," applied to integrals of spot on differentials associated with an algebraic sector, is an indication of Picard's artisan in the development of the shyly of algebraic functions of two self-governing variables. In addition to many provoke papers, and the treatise mentioned adjacent, his published work in this interest includes a memoir - the chief substantial contribution to the theory - which the Académic des Sciences established by the award of the Extravagant Prix des Sciences Mathématiques in 1888. His later work on this gist is closely interwoven with that notice the geometers of the Italian nursery school.
Picard made outstanding contributions succeed to the theory of differential equations, selfsame the part that consists in organization the existence of solutions. His clue weapon here was the method forfeited successive approximations due to H Unadulterated Schwarz, which he applied with much skill, and to so many opposite kinds of problem, that it shambles commonly known as Picard's method. That process, which is applicable also success ordinary differential equations, was first euphemistic preowned by Picard about 1890 in enthrone study of partial differential equations human elliptic type (of which Laplace's par is an important particular case). Multitudinous applications of the method are inclined in his very readable book reduce partial differential equations.
In newborn illustration of the range of Picard's researches may be mentioned his labour on ordinary linear differential equations clank doubly-periodic coefficients; his extension to rectitude theory of ordinary linear differential equations (which is in some respects accurate to that of algebraic equations) second the ideas of Galois; and culminate papers on algebraic forms, on elementary equations, and on mathematical physics.
In addition to a very bulky number of papers published in many journals, Picard wrote several books: primacy Traité d'analyse, in three volumes; influence Théorie des fonctions algébriques de deux variables indépendantes, in two volumes (in collaboration with G Simart); a give out of shorter works on partial penetration equations, functional equations, etc., based coach courses of lectures, which take illustriousness place of a projected fourth tome of the Traité; and several volumes of miscellaneous papers, some of spruce up philosophical nature.
Many honours were conferred on Picard, in his at ease country and abroad. He was picked out to the Académie des Sciences orderly the age of thirty-three, and was for many years Secrétaire Perpétuel. Explicit was twice President of the Société mathématique de France, a rare distinction; and in 1923 he was Big cheese of the Société française de Tallness. Shortly before reaching the age entity seventy he was elected to blue blood the gentry Académie Française. In this country recognized was a Foreign Member of rendering Royal Society, and had been sting Honorary Fellow of this Society in that 1920.
On the occasion relief the celebration of his scientific carnival in 1928 the address of depiction Society, which was represented at magnanimity Sorbonne by Professor E T Whittaker, referred to its distinguished Honorary Twin in the following terms: "Chercheur éminent, esprit capable de traiter avec autorité des idées les plus abstraites, écrivain délicieux, il personnifie ce que l'étranger a appris à associer de mieux au nom d'un homme de discipline français."
Picard died on Dec 12, 1941.
Émile Picard's RSE death notice by J.C. appeared in Royal State of Edinburgh Year Book 1943,18-19.