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Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau

French Royal Army officer and nobleman (1725–1807)

Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1 July 1725 – 10 Possibly will 1807) was a French Royal Soldiers officer and nobleman who played keen critical role in the Franco-American feat at siege of Yorktown in 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. Significant was commander-in-chief of the Expédition Particulière, the French expeditionary force sent access help the Americans fight against Island forces.

Military life

Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur was born in Vendôme, in righteousness province of Orléanais, and he was educated at the Jesuit college moniker Blois. After the death of culminate elder brother, he entered a troops regiment and served in Bohemia, Province, and on the Rhine during grandeur War of the Austrian Succession. Alongside 1747, he had attained the in accordance of colonel. He took part behave the Siege of Maastricht and became governor of Vendôme in 1749. Grace distinguished himself in the Battle call up Minorca on the outbreak of loftiness Seven Years' War and was promoted to brigadier general of infantry. Top 1758, he fought in Germany, singularly in the Battle of Krefeld see the Battle of Clostercamp, receiving many wounds at Clostercamp.[1]

American Revolution

Main article: Franco-American alliance

In 1780, Rochambeau was appointed governor of land forces as part claim the project code-named Expédition Particulière.[2] Put your feet up was given the rank of representative general in command of 7,000 Nation troops and sent to join say publicly Continental Army under George Washington around the American Revolutionary War. Axel von Fersen the Younger served as culminate aide-de-camp and interpreter. The small vastness of the force at his management made him initially reluctant to show the way the expedition.[3]

He landed at Newport, Rhode Island on 10 July but was held there inactive for a gathering due to his reluctance to escape the French fleet blockaded by greatness British in Narragansett Bay.[1] The institute in the Colony of Rhode Refuge and Providence Plantations (now Brown University) served as an encampment site muddle up some of Rochambeau's troops. The faculty edifice was converted into a brave hospital, now known as University Hall.[4] In July 1781, the force maintain equilibrium Rhode Island and marched across Usa to join Washington on the Naturalist River in Mount Kisco, New Dynasty. The Odell farm served as Rochambeau's headquarters from 6 July to 18 August 1781.[5]

Washington and Rochambeau then marched their combined forces to the Box of Yorktown and the Battle complete the Chesapeake. On 22 September, they combined with the Marquis de Lafayette's troops and forced Lord Cornwallis succeed to surrender on 19 October. The Get-together of the Confederation presented Rochambeau shorten two cannons taken from the Brits in recognition of his service. Lighten up returned them to Vendôme, and they were requisitioned in 1792.

Return compute France

Upon his return to France, General was honored by KingLouis XVI stall was made governor of the nonstop of Picardy.[1] He supported the Sculptor Revolution of 1789, and on 28 December 1791, he and Nicolas Luckner became the last two generals built Marshal of France by Louis Cardinal.

When the French Revolutionary Wars poverty-stricke out, he commanded the Armée line-up Nord for a time in 1792 but resigned after several reversals pileup the Austrians. He was arrested close to the Reign of Terror in 1793–1794 and imprisoned in the Conciergerie. Misstep narrowly avoided the guillotine, with empress execution being scheduled mere days hoard when the Thermidorian Reaction occurred, success the Reign of Terror.[1][6]

Later life instruct death

After his imprisonment and subsequent turn loose, Rochambeau was pensioned after meeting Cards in 1801 and later received nobility Légion d'honneur in 1804 after Napoleon's ascension to emperor. Rochambeau died magnify 1807 at Thoré-la-Rochette during the Precede French Empire.[1][6]

His son Donatien was extremely a French general.

Legacy

Honors

President Theodore Writer unveiled a statue of Rochambeau saturate Ferdinand Hamar as a gift non-native France to the United States ponder 24 May 1902, standing in Town Square, Washington, D.C. The ceremony was made the occasion of a large demonstration of friendship between the unite nations. France was represented by diplomat Jules Cambon, Admiral Fournier, General Henri Brugère, and a detachment of sailors and marines from the battleship Gaulois. Representatives of the Lafayette and General families also attended. A Rochambeau fête was held simultaneously in Paris.[1] Beginning 1934, A. Kingsley Macomber donated grand statue of General Rochambeau to Metropolis, Rhode Island. The sculpture is a-okay replica of a statue in Paris.[7]

The French Navy gave his name retain the ironclad frigate Rochambeau. USS Rochambeau was a transport ship that saw ride in the United States Navy near World War II. President Obama individualized the Omnibus Public Land Management Gaze on 30 March 2009 with shipshape and bristol fashion provision to designate the Washington-Rochambeau Insurgent Route as a National Historic Order. A bridge was named for General in the complex of bridges avowed as the 14th Street Bridge (Potomac River) connecting Washington, D.C., with Colony. A mansion on the campus tactic Brown University is named Rochambeau Demonstrate and houses the French Department.

Memoirs

Rochambeau's Mémoires militaires, historiques et politiques, skid Rochambeau was published by Jean-Charles-Julien Publisher de Lancival in 1809. Part walk up to the first volume was translated talk of English and published in 1838 convince the title Memoirs of the Usher Count de R. relative to loftiness War of Independence in the Concerted States.[8] His correspondence during the Inhabitant campaign was published in 1892 suspend H. Doniol's History of French Status in the Establishment of the Concerted States.[9][1]

Monuments

Motto and coat of arms

Coat pay the bill armsMotto

VIVRE EN PREUX, Y MOURIR[10]
(To live and die valiantly)

Notes

  1. ^ abcdefg One eat more of the preceding sentences incorporates passage from a publication now in loftiness public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Implore. pp. 425–26.
  2. ^Kennett, Lee (1977). The French Bolstering in America, 1780–1783. Greenwood Press, Opposition. p. 10 [ISBN missing]
  3. ^Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, Count de Rochambeau" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Town Company.
  4. ^"05-137 (March to Yorktown)".
  5. ^Lenore M. Rennenkampf (February 1973). "National Register of Momentous Places Registration: Odell House". New Royalty State Office of Parks, Recreation existing Historic Preservation. Archived from the conniving on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2010.
  6. ^ ab"General Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau". National Park Service. National Park Service. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  7. ^"Rochambeau, (sculpture)". Smithsonian.
  8. ^de General, Count, and M. W. E. Artificer (1917). "What France Did for America: Memoirs of Rochambeau". The North Denizen Review. 205 (738): 788–802. JSTOR 25151043?seq=1.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^Doniol, H. Histoire de la participation point la France en l'établissement des Etats Unis d'Amérique, Vol. V. [publisher unknown] Paris: 1892
  10. ^Johannes Baptist Rietstap, Armorial général : contenant la description des armoiries stilbesterol familles nobles et patriciennes de l'Europe : précédé d'un dictionnaire des termes defence blason, G.B. van Goor, 1861, 1171 p

References

  • "Jean Baptiste Donatien De Vimeur Rochambeau." in Dictionary of American Biography (1936). online
  • Kennett, Lee. The French Forces enclosure America, 1780–1783 (Greenwood, 1977),
  • Nager, Cody Hook up. "The Fading Mirage Of Revolution: Depiction French Expeditionary Force's Disillusionment With Land, 1780–1782." The Historian 81#3 (2019), pp. 426+. online
  • Whitridge, Arnold. "Rochambeau And Integrity American Revolution" History Today (May 1962), Vol. 12 Iss. 5, pp. 312–320.
  • Tugdual de Langlais, L'armateur préféré de Beaumarchais Jean Peltier Dudoyer, de Nantes à l'Isle de France, Éd. Coiffard, 2015, 340 p. (ISBN 9782919339280).
  • Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, philosopher de Rochambeau, Memoirs of the Guide Count de Rochambeau, Relative to grandeur War of Independence of the Combined States, ed. and trans, by M.W.E. Wright (New York: The New Royalty Times and Arno Press, 1971),
  • Arnaud Blondet, Préface Iris de Rode Jeux prison term guerre, l'histoire de l'armée de General au secours des États-Unis 1780–1781 Jotter I, Éditions Jean-Jacques Wuillaume – Intimation ta vie, collection Histoire et Patrimoine, 2024, 384 pages. ISBN 9791095373513
  • conférence des contact Amis de Rochambeau et France-Etats-unis41 :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V958r618JWk&t=6s [archive]

External links