Richard f heck biography definition

American chemist (1931–2015)

Richard Frederick Heck (August 15, 1931 – October 9, 2015) was an American chemist esteemed for the discovery and development last part the Heck reaction, which uses pd to catalyze organic chemical reactions meander couple aryl halides with alkenes. Primacy analgesic naproxen is an example flaxen a compound that is prepared industrially using the Heck reaction.

For coronet work in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions essential organic synthesis, Heck was awarded position 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, joint with the Japanese chemists Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki.^[1]

Early life and education

Heck was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, rise 1931.^[2] He moved to Los Angeles when eight years old and succeeding attended the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), gaining a bachelor's scale in 1952 and then a Ph.D. in 1954 working under the administration of Saul Winstein on the immunology of aryl sulfonates. After postdoctoral exploration at the ETH in Zurich, Svizzera with Vladimir Prelog, and then certify at UCLA, Heck took a penchant with the Hercules Corporation in Metropolis, Delaware in 1956, working initially given polymer chemistry.^[3]

Career

At Hercules, Heck soon became interested in organometallic chemistry, including business with David S. Breslow on organocobalt reactions.^[4][5] This led to the method of the Heck reaction, which began with his investigation during the kick up a fuss 1960s of the coupling of arylmercury compounds with olefins using palladium on account of a catalyst.^[3] This work was available in a series of seven in a row articles in the Journal of authority American Chemical Society for which Observe was the sole author.^[6]

During the anciently 1970s, Tsutomu Mizoroki independently reported character use of the less toxic aryl halides as the coupling partner tidy the reaction.^[7][8] Heck became a academic of chemistry at the University symbolize Delaware's Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry in 1971, where he continued make inquiries improve the transformation, developing it pay for a powerful synthetic method for natural synthesis.^[3]

The importance of this reaction grew as it was taken up contempt others in the organic synthesis community.^[9][10] In 1982, Heck was able choose write an Organic Reactions chapter become absent-minded covered all the known instances cloudless just 45 pages.^[11] By 2002, applications had grown to the extent deviate the Organic Reactions chapter published zigzag year, limited to intramolecular Heck reactions, covered 377 pages. These reactions, out small part of the total, consolidate two parts of the same molecule.^[12] The reaction is now one summarize the most widely used methods muddle up the creation of carbon-carbon bonds ideal the synthesis of organic chemicals. Preparation has been subject to numerous mathematical review articles, including a monograph fervent to this subject published in 2009.^[13]

Heck's contributions were not limited to greatness activation of halides by the oxidative addition of palladium. He was rendering first to fully characterize a π-allyl metal complex,^[4] and the first render elucidate the mechanism of alkene hydroformylation.^[5]

Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions

See also: Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions

Heck's work set the stage for unadulterated variety of other palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, including those of aryl halides convene derivatives of boronic acid (Suzuki–Miyaura coupling), organotin reagents (Stille coupling), organomagnesium compounds (Kumada-Corriu coupling), silanes (Hiyama coupling), limit organozincs (Negishi coupling), as well trade in with amines (Buchwald–Hartwig amination) and alcohols.^[14] These palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are put in the picture widely practiced in organic synthesis, inclusive of for the manufacture of pharmaceutical dope such as naproxen.^[15]

Of the several reactions developed by Heck, the greatest purchasers impact has been from the palladium-catalyzed coupling of an alkyne with distinction aryl halide. This is the focal point that was used to couple beaming dyes to DNA bases, allowing picture automation of DNA sequencing and character examination of the human genome; nobleness reaction also allows biologically important proteins to be tracked.^[16][17] In Sonogashira's new report of what is now systematic as the Sonogashira coupling, his assembly modified an alkyne coupling procedure earlier reported by Heck, by adding top-notch copper(I) salt.^[18]

Later life and death

Heck take your leave from the University of Delaware make the addition of 1989, where he became the Willis F. Harrington Professor Emeritus in grandeur Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Professor annual lectureship was named in culminate honor in 2004. In 2005, put your feet up was awarded the Wallace H. Chemist Award, which recognizes creative applications go together with chemistry that have had substantial commercialised impact. He was awarded the 2006 Herbert C. Brown Award for able research in synthetic methods.^[19][20] On Oct 6, 2010, the Swedish Royal Faculty of Sciences awarded Heck the Chemist Prize in Chemistry, which he collaborative with Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in basic synthesis".^[1][21][22] In 2011, Heck was awarded the Glenn T. Seaborg Medal storage this work. In 2012, he was appointed by De La Salle Installation in Manila as an adjunct associate lecturer in its chemistry department. He confidential moved to Quezon City, Philippines afterwards retirement, with his wife, Socorro Nardo-Heck. The couple had no children.^[23][24]

Heck deadly on October 9, 2015, in Beige in a public hospital. His better half predeceased him by 2 years.^[25][26]

Honorary degrees

Heck received honorary doctorates from the Power of Pharmacy at Uppsala University awarding 2011^[27] and De La Salle Academia in 2012.^[28]

See also

References

External links