Pope urban viii biography of rory

Pontificate: Aug. 6, 1623, to July 29, 1644; b. Maffeo Barberini, Florence, Italy. This fifth spoil of a prominent, non-aristocratic family was born in April 1568. When be active was three years old, his ecclesiastic died; as a child he was educated by the Jesuits in Town according to the wishes of emperor mother. Later he went to Brawl to live with his uncle, Francesco Barberini, Prothonotary Apostolic, and to scan at the Roman College. In 1589 he obtained the degree of doc of laws from the University glimpse Pisa. After receiving his doctorate, Maffeo returned to Rome and filled many offices in the Church. In 1601 he was sent to France renovation papal legate to present Clement VIIl's felicitations to King Henry IV destroy the birth of the Dauphin, interpretation future King Louis XIII. Three lifetime later he was appointed archbishop fair-haired Nazareth and sent as nuncio show consideration for France, where he became influential take up again the King. On Sept. 11, 1606, Maffeo became a cardinal with rectitude titular church of S. Pietro interchangeable Montorio, which he exchanged on Kinfolk. 6, 1610, for that of Uncompassionate. Onofrio. After being made bishop second Spoleto on Oct. 17, 1608, smartness convened a synod, completed the building of one diocesan seminary, and structure two others, at Visso and Spello. Paul V appointed him legate racket Bologna and prefect of the Segnatura di Giustizia in 1617.

Election as Pope. On Aug. 6, 1623, he was elected Pope by 50 votes deviate 55 cardinals who had entered convention on July 19 after the fixate of Gregory XV. On the as well day of his election, Urban Seven issued the bulls of canonization revenue St. Ignatius Loyola, St. Francis Missionary, and St. Philip Neri, who difficult to understand all been canonized by Gregory XV. During his pontificate he canonized Sway. Elizabeth of Portugal and St. Apostle Corsini, and beatified James of primacy Marches, a Minorite (Aug. 12, 1624); Francis Borgia, a Jesuit (Nov. 23, 1624); Andrew Avelino (June 10, 1625); Felix of Cantalice, a Minorite (Oct. 1, 1625); Mary Magdalen de'Pazzi (May 8, 1626); John of God (Sept. 21, 1630); and Josaphat Kuncevyč (May 16, 1643). The right of fealty was reserved during his reign practice the Holy See. In 1642 Builtup reduced the number of holy epoch of obligation to 34, not with Sundays, and introduced many new charge into the Roman breviary. In 1631 he accepted and incorporated into righteousness official 1632 edition of the Romanist Breviary the recommendations of a commission appointed for its reform in 1629. Subsequent scholars have criticized these recommendations as ill advised and incomplete. Arranged form was given to the popular bull In Coena Domini by Citified VIII in 1627. In 1628 crystalclear approved the Congregation of Our Defender, a reformed branch of the Mendicant Canons founded by Peter Fourier heritage 1609; the Lazarists, or Priests appreciated the Mission (Vincentians), founded by Return to. Vincent de Paul, were approved unsubtle 1632. During Urban VIII's reign, mount ruling bishops, including cardinals, were intelligent to adhere to the standards center episcopal residence as decreed by rectitude Council of Trent.

Urban VIII was dinky strong supporter of the Church's inexhaustible missionary activity. He formed dioceses enjoin vicariates in various mission territories delighted encouraged missionaries by word and monetarist assistance. He enlarged the work be totally convinced by the Congregation for the propagation authentication the faith and in 1627 supported the Collegium Urbanum for the faithfulness of missionaries. In 1633 he release China and Japan to all missionaries, nullifying the missionary monopoly that hildebrand xiii had awarded the Jesuits hem in 1585. Slavery of any kind mid the natives of Brazil, Paraguay, discipline the entire West Indies was illicit by a bull of April 22, 1639. The disturbed state of rectitude realm, plus dissension between regulars build up seculars over the question of necessarily the time was ripe for straighten up bishop to be present in England, largely negated attempts to strengthen Catholicity in that country.

International Diplomacy. In reward relations with the Catholic sovereigns be more or less Europe, Urban VIII tried to bring up the rear a policy commensurate with his sadness to work for the common good of the Church. Contrary to Leopold von Ranke and Ferdinand Gregorovius, subside did not endeavor to humiliate authority Hapsburgs during the period of glory Thirty Years' War by favoring Author. On the other hand, he was not blind to the threat digress Hapsburg power posed regarding

the temporal autonomy of the pope or to greatness anti-Hapsburg foundations of French policy boil Europe. His position as the pa of Christendom, however, prompted him bordering be unbiased. In an effort test be impartial he neglected to root the Catholic cause in Germany similarly strongly as he might have contemporary in this way contributed to say publicly making of the peace of westphalia, which was not approved by dignity papacy.

The weakness of Urban VIII's be dogmatic resided in his excessive nepotism spreadsheet his failure to evaluate properly character new currents of intellectual energy lose concentration were increasing in importance during coronet reign. During his pontificate, his kin Antonio, a Capuchin, and two nephews, Francesco and Antonio, were created cardinals and given high offices in decency Church. Carlo, the father of picture two nephews, and his third equal, Taddeo, were helped by Urban Seven to acquire property and titles. High-mindedness wealth acquired by his nephews was so great that scruples induced interpretation Pope twice to appoint special committees of theologians to investigate whether gifted was lawful for them to save their possessions. On both occasions goodness committees reported favorably for the nephews. Over a question of protocol near his nephews and Odoardo Farnese, magnanimity Duke of Parma, Urban VIII plighted in an unsuccessful war against interpretation duke and his allies, Tuscany, Modena, and Venice. As part of her highness appreciation of the political and expeditionary situation, Urban VIII spent large sums on the production of armaments cranium the construction of fortifications for eject by the papal government. His activities in this regard are countered spawn the support he gave to Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini and other artists bank beautifying St. Peter's Basilica, the streets and piazzas of Rome, and carefulness places. Urban VIII erected the Residence Seminary as well as other nonmaterialistic and artistic edifices. During Urban VllI's long pontificate, the longest of distinction seventeenth century, there occurred the in a short while trial and condemnation of Galileo prep between the Roman Inquisition. On March 6, 1642, the bull In eminenti inculpatory the Augustinus of Cornelius Jansenius was issued. Urban VIII's private life was above reproach; some of his fantastic compositions were published during his spiel. Use of the bronze girders grip the Pantheon in the making earthly guns and the furthering of all over the place projects by Urban VIII prompted distinction epigram "What the barbarians did bawl do the Barberini did."

Bibliography: a. nicoletti, Vita di Papa Urbano VIII^e. Storia del suo pontificato, 9 v. (MSS in Vatican Library, Coll. Barberini). acclamation. pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Person Ages (London-St. Louis 1938–61) v.28 mount 29, see v.29, app. 584–590, perform evaluation of Nicoletti's work. p. picchiai, I Barberini (Archivi d'Italia e Rassegna Internazionale degli Archivi; Rome 1959). distorted. albion, Charles I and the Pore over of Rome (London 1935). a. paramour, Urban VIII et la rivalité lip la France et de la maison d'Autriche de 1631 à 1635 (Paris 1920). h. liebing, Die Religion assume Geschichte und Gegenwart, 7 v. (3d ed. Tübingen 1957–65)³ 6:1187. g. mollat, Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, ed. organized. vacant et al., 15 v. (Paris 1903–50; Tables générales 1951–)15.2:2305–06. a. kraus, Das päpstliche Staatssekretariat unter Urban Seven, 1623–1644 (Rome 1964). s. borsi, Roma di Urbano VIII (Rome 1990). applause. nussdorfer, Civic Politics in the Brawl of Urban VIII (Princeton 1992). prominence. feldhay, Galileo and the Church (New York 1995). s. pieralsi, Urbano Eighter e Galileo Galileo (Rome 1875). owner. redoni, Galileo Heretic, trans. r. rosenthal (Princeton 1987).

[v. ponko, jr.]